Read about the conversion of this great American, pro-life thinker here.
For anyone near Washington D.C., I highly recommend visiting the Catholic Information Center, first because Jesus is there, present in the tabernacle. Second, the staff is knowledgeable, courteous, and best of all, fully and faithfully Catholic! The store sells a fine collection of reading materials, sacramentals (rosaries, etc.), and religious art as well.
It has been interesting seeing the number of converts to the Catholic faith that have entered either directly or indirectly through the CIC, and I am thrilled to see Hadley Arkes's name added to this list.
Praise be Jesus Christ for pulling together in unity men of good will throughout the ages!
Monday, May 31, 2010
Response to Ogletown Baptist Church Service May 23, 2010 On New Testament Priests and Sacrifices
Clip 1, on change:
Clip 2, on division:
Clip 3, on the NT shift away from animal sacrifice
Clip 4, on leaving a church where a goat was about to be sacrificed
Clip 5, on Jesus as the Lamb of God
Clip 6, on all Christians being priests (a "priesthood of believers")
Clip 7, on Christians being the sacrifice
Clip 8, on Christians being the sacrifice and holy in God's sight
Stay tuned for a Catholic response to the sermon given by Curtis Hill, excerpts of which may be found above. The sermon can be downloaded in its entirety from www.ogletown.org.
Clip 2, on division:
Clip 3, on the NT shift away from animal sacrifice
Clip 4, on leaving a church where a goat was about to be sacrificed
Clip 5, on Jesus as the Lamb of God
Clip 6, on all Christians being priests (a "priesthood of believers")
Clip 7, on Christians being the sacrifice
Clip 8, on Christians being the sacrifice and holy in God's sight
Stay tuned for a Catholic response to the sermon given by Curtis Hill, excerpts of which may be found above. The sermon can be downloaded in its entirety from www.ogletown.org.
Friday, May 28, 2010
Two Propositions
Which of the following two propositions do you believe to be true?
1. The successors of the apostles in the first five centuries of Christianity visibly and unmiraculously DISTORTED the Gospel in a universally and miraculously consistent and unified manner. (In other words, the early church was unified around its heresy.)
2. The successors of the Protestant reformers in the last five centuries invisibly and miraculously PRESERVED the Gospel in a universally and un-miraculously inconsistent and disunified manner. (In other words, the modern church is visibly disunified in its attempt to preserve the Gospel and possesses only an invisible unity, the nature/substance of which we can not be entirely certain.)
Neither proposition is true. The successors of the apostles faithfully passed on the truths that will never change (Jude 3). When the Protestant reformation occurred, the reformers left the "Household of God" and took some (not all) of its truths with them. As the camps outside the house have continued to split, Protestant denominations have found themselves with less and less truth, and less and less certainty that what they believe is true. Just like a plant withers when removed from the soil that sustains it, the truth withers when it is removed from its natural habitat, the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. Of course, the truth itself, being Jesus, never withers. We do well not to forget that Jesus and His Church are intimately and inseparably one. Of course, those elements of Catholic truth that have been preserved outside the visible bounds of the Catholic Church do not wither; in fact, they are the life-lines that keep non-Catholics connected with the mystical body of Christ. But these are also truths that the Catholic Church taught before the Protestant reformation ever occurred: Salvation by grace alone through Christ alone through faith (a faith that is alive and full of charity), the realities of heaven and hell, the virgin birth of Christ as well as his atoning death and resurrection. Protestants such as the Baptist pastors with whom I converse can not admit that the only truths non-Catholics have succeeded in preserving had already been preserved for 2,000 years in the Catholic Church. Thus, the Pastors find themselves in the difficult position of having to claim something that is in fact NOT true: the the Catholic Church teaches a false gospel. (I wish they could agree what that false gospel was--a gospel of works? a gospel of Mary?--but that's another story.)
Let us all continue to pray for the grace of conversion to submit ever more humbly and obediently to the teaching authority of Christ which Our Lord graciously bestowed upon the apostles and their successors so that we may know the truth, love the truth, live the truth, and die for the truth. "You are Kepha and upon Kepha I will build MY church!" (Matthew 16:18) "He who hears you [the apostles] hears me. He who rejects you rejects me." (Luke 10:16)
Praise be Jesus Christ, now and forever!
1. The successors of the apostles in the first five centuries of Christianity visibly and unmiraculously DISTORTED the Gospel in a universally and miraculously consistent and unified manner. (In other words, the early church was unified around its heresy.)
2. The successors of the Protestant reformers in the last five centuries invisibly and miraculously PRESERVED the Gospel in a universally and un-miraculously inconsistent and disunified manner. (In other words, the modern church is visibly disunified in its attempt to preserve the Gospel and possesses only an invisible unity, the nature/substance of which we can not be entirely certain.)
-------------
Neither proposition is true. The successors of the apostles faithfully passed on the truths that will never change (Jude 3). When the Protestant reformation occurred, the reformers left the "Household of God" and took some (not all) of its truths with them. As the camps outside the house have continued to split, Protestant denominations have found themselves with less and less truth, and less and less certainty that what they believe is true. Just like a plant withers when removed from the soil that sustains it, the truth withers when it is removed from its natural habitat, the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. Of course, the truth itself, being Jesus, never withers. We do well not to forget that Jesus and His Church are intimately and inseparably one. Of course, those elements of Catholic truth that have been preserved outside the visible bounds of the Catholic Church do not wither; in fact, they are the life-lines that keep non-Catholics connected with the mystical body of Christ. But these are also truths that the Catholic Church taught before the Protestant reformation ever occurred: Salvation by grace alone through Christ alone through faith (a faith that is alive and full of charity), the realities of heaven and hell, the virgin birth of Christ as well as his atoning death and resurrection. Protestants such as the Baptist pastors with whom I converse can not admit that the only truths non-Catholics have succeeded in preserving had already been preserved for 2,000 years in the Catholic Church. Thus, the Pastors find themselves in the difficult position of having to claim something that is in fact NOT true: the the Catholic Church teaches a false gospel. (I wish they could agree what that false gospel was--a gospel of works? a gospel of Mary?--but that's another story.)
Let us all continue to pray for the grace of conversion to submit ever more humbly and obediently to the teaching authority of Christ which Our Lord graciously bestowed upon the apostles and their successors so that we may know the truth, love the truth, live the truth, and die for the truth. "You are Kepha and upon Kepha I will build MY church!" (Matthew 16:18) "He who hears you [the apostles] hears me. He who rejects you rejects me." (Luke 10:16)
Praise be Jesus Christ, now and forever!
Saturday, May 22, 2010
A Failure of the Early Church? On the Lord's Supper as Symbol
This week, I listened to two different Baptist sermons on the Lord's Supper. Baptists, like most Protestants, believe the Lord's Supper to be a symbolic ritual in which we remember Jesus's sacrifice for our sins. They do not believe that the bread and wine/juice actually is Jesus's precious, glorified Body and Blood. Rather, it is just a symbol of Jesus, and they celebrate the Lord's Supper in memory of his death.
Put this way, this teaching seems to be rather mild and easy to accept. Even though many Christians believe the Lord's Supper is much more (infinitely more, in fact) than a symbolic ritual, the idea of it being a symbolic ritual sits comfortably in the minds and hearts of millions and millions of Christians around the world.
Although it would be worth discussing the theology of this belief itself, I will focus on a problem that, for most Protestants, seems to be completely off the radar - a problem that, theology aside, makes it virtually impossible to believe that the Lord's Supper is only a symbol.
The problem with the Protestant doctrine is that the claim quickly becomes too large through what it implies. In other words, despite the mild packaging given the Lord's Supper, to believe the Lord's Supper is only a symbol is to make extraordinary, staggering claims about the history of Christianity.
The early church unanimously believed that Jesus was really and truly present in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. Many of the pastors of the early church who taught this learned their faith directly from the apostles themselves! Almost all of these early pastors were martyred for their faith, which serves as a testament to the truth of their claims.
Take, for instance, St. Ignatius, who was an early bishop of Antioch and a student of the apostle John. On his way to being thrown to the lions around 110 AD, St. Ignatius wrote letters to the churches in each city through which he passed. In these letters, St. Ignatius makes the following remarks:
My claim (which should be easy enough to disprove if false) is that the apostles passed on to their successors the doctrine that Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist - that the bread and wine are truly and substantially his body and blood. (Please don't take my word for it! I invite every reader to study the writings of the apostles' students and their successors. Consult the primary sources, not what some third party - even myself - has to say about the primary sources.)
Now, let's pause for a minute and assume, like Baptists believe, that the Lord's Supper is only a symbolic ritual. If this assumption is true, then logic forces us to conclude that what St. Ignatius was teaching was not true.
This conclusion immediately raises a dilemma for Christians: am I going to believe my Baptist interpretive tradition over the teaching of a pastor who received their faith directly from an apostle?
Let's push the Baptist assumption farther and assume that St. Ignatius was teaching heresy over in Antioch. If he was the only Pastor who distorted the original gospel message, then where are the other faithful students of the apostles who passed on the correct understanding of the Lord's Supper?
Also, we know from the early church that when someone taught heresy, there was an outcry. Where is there a record of the outcry against St. Ignatius's false teaching? In fact, if a number of early church fathers went astray, you would expect even more of an outcry from those successors of the apostles who had maintained the true Christian faith. Moreover, if those who were distorting the Gospel message had no commitment to the original deposit of faith Christ left with the apostles, you would expect there to be some amount of disagreement between their teachings. After all, if you are not going to remain obedient to the apostles and to the true Gospel, why remain obedient to and consistent with the teachings of the other heretics?
Further still, if these early heretics knew that their teachers, the apostles, taught them one thing, and that they were about to martyred for beliefs they knew were not true, why do we never here of a single early church father admitting moments before death that what they believed was actually a human tradition that someone had made up after the apostles had died?
Put simply, the historical evidence suggests that the early church consistently believed that the Eucharist was Christ's Body and Blood, not a symbolic representation of it. The Eucharist is the same flesh that suffered for our sins, as St. Ignatius emphasizes. The flesh on the cross was not a symbolic flesh.
If the above paragraph is correct, then the history of the early church's teaching on the Lord's Supper can be interpreted in one of two ways.
1. A major, global cover-up/distortion of the true Gospel message.
2. A faithful, consistent, global adherence to the teaching of the apostles.
Now, assuming that #2 is not an option for Baptists, let's push the implications a bit further.
Let's say that every single apostle chose successors who turned out to be unfaithful to the original message (so unfaithful that almost every single one of them would submit to marytrdom without a peep regarding their having changed the Gospel message).
The consequence of this massive failure of the apostles in choosing "faithful men" to pass on the traditions that had been given them is that error was taught and idolatry promoted for the first 1,500 years of church history. The Sacrifice of the Mass, the worship of the Host, the Sacraments - all of it - is one gigantic mistake - one enormous distortion of what Jesus's church (the one he offered his sacrifice for and sent His Spirit to maintain) was supposed to look like and believe.
Thus, to believe that the Lord's Supper is a symbolic ritual is ultimately to believe that:
1. The apostles completely failed at their Great Commission (Matt. 28:20) by failing to find anyone to faithful transmit the faith.
2. Every student of the apostles and their successors changed the Gospel in a consistent and unchanging manner and promoted this lie without ever once altering it further in time or place for centuries - and all of this through countless martyrdoms and persecutions.
3. Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to protect His Church from error and guide it into all truth, but something prevented the Holy Spirit from achieving this goal even as early as the time when the apostles were passing on the faith to their successors.
4. Christianity, from Jesus's perspective, was an utter and near-complete failure until the time of the Reformation. Jesus founded a Church that wouldn't really come into being until 1,500 years after he founded it.
5. Only after the Reformation do we finally see the New Testament Church as Jesus and Apostles envisioned it, despite the fact that outside the Catholic Church there are tens of thousands of denominations preaching conflicting interpretations of the Scriptures.
I suggested earlier that to believe the Lord's Supper is only a symbolic ritual is to make an extraordinary claim about the history of Christianity. Should anyone then wonder why history is the last thing most Baptist pastors mention when they preach about the Lord's Supper? For these pastor's to mention what the Early Church believed about Jesus's Real Presence in the Eucharist is to raise serious alarms in the minds of anyone willing to push the implications to their conclusions. Many people whose whose minds and hearts are open to these conclusions have pushed their way right into the Catholic Church, even though this is the last Church these Protestants would have ever dreamed of joining. They, like so many converts, find themselves surprised by truth!
Let us open our minds, our hearts, and our wills to the fullness of the faith that has been faithfully passed down to us from the apostles and through their successors so that we Christians, two-thousand years later - can know the lord Jesus Christ in His fullness. Through the breaking of the bread, let us come to know Christ how he loves for us to know Him (see Luke 24:13-35 and following)! Let us share in communion with the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity with our Lord and Savior, the divine spouse of our souls!
Praise be Jesus Christ now and forever!
How might we explain the tendency for Christians to believe things without understanding their implications? One contributing factor is the way in which we conceive doctrine in our minds. If our doctrinal beliefs are imagined as a bullet-point list, then it is difficult for our minds to see their relationships, not to mention the relationships between doctrines and their historical development.
On the other hand, if we see doctrine in a more symphonic manner, where each truth melodiously intersects with other truths, and with the contexts for these truths (history included), then our minds are able to see truth as an organic whole, as a...Person! Our minds can perceive the beautiful splendor of truth as all the pieces (doctrine, history, theology, morality, etc.) fit together.
The truth of the Catholic faith amounts to far more than simply having a bullet-list in which each item is correct. Rather, the truth of the Catholic faith allows one to fit all of life together in a way that glorifies the Father. To be a Catholic is to be connected with Scripture and Tradition in the heart of the living Body of Christ, the Church, and through this relationship, be connected with all of human history that finds its center and meaning in the person of Jesus Christ.
Put this way, this teaching seems to be rather mild and easy to accept. Even though many Christians believe the Lord's Supper is much more (infinitely more, in fact) than a symbolic ritual, the idea of it being a symbolic ritual sits comfortably in the minds and hearts of millions and millions of Christians around the world.
Although it would be worth discussing the theology of this belief itself, I will focus on a problem that, for most Protestants, seems to be completely off the radar - a problem that, theology aside, makes it virtually impossible to believe that the Lord's Supper is only a symbol.
The problem with the Protestant doctrine is that the claim quickly becomes too large through what it implies. In other words, despite the mild packaging given the Lord's Supper, to believe the Lord's Supper is only a symbol is to make extraordinary, staggering claims about the history of Christianity.
The early church unanimously believed that Jesus was really and truly present in the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. Many of the pastors of the early church who taught this learned their faith directly from the apostles themselves! Almost all of these early pastors were martyred for their faith, which serves as a testament to the truth of their claims.
Take, for instance, St. Ignatius, who was an early bishop of Antioch and a student of the apostle John. On his way to being thrown to the lions around 110 AD, St. Ignatius wrote letters to the churches in each city through which he passed. In these letters, St. Ignatius makes the following remarks:
"Take note of those who hold heterodox opinions on the grace of Jesus Christ which has come to us, and see how contrary their opinions are to the mind of God. . . . They abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ, flesh which suffered for our sins and which that Father, in his goodness, raised up again. They who deny the gift of God are perishing in their disputes" (Letter to the Smyrnaeans 6:2–7:1 [A.D. 110]).Other writings from the early church can be read here, though every Christian should take some time to read these quote in context by purchasing a volume of the writings of the early church fathers, such as these volumes by William Jurgens, which I highly recommend given their exhaustive index and cross-references.
My claim (which should be easy enough to disprove if false) is that the apostles passed on to their successors the doctrine that Jesus is truly present in the Eucharist - that the bread and wine are truly and substantially his body and blood. (Please don't take my word for it! I invite every reader to study the writings of the apostles' students and their successors. Consult the primary sources, not what some third party - even myself - has to say about the primary sources.)
Now, let's pause for a minute and assume, like Baptists believe, that the Lord's Supper is only a symbolic ritual. If this assumption is true, then logic forces us to conclude that what St. Ignatius was teaching was not true.
This conclusion immediately raises a dilemma for Christians: am I going to believe my Baptist interpretive tradition over the teaching of a pastor who received their faith directly from an apostle?
Let's push the Baptist assumption farther and assume that St. Ignatius was teaching heresy over in Antioch. If he was the only Pastor who distorted the original gospel message, then where are the other faithful students of the apostles who passed on the correct understanding of the Lord's Supper?
Also, we know from the early church that when someone taught heresy, there was an outcry. Where is there a record of the outcry against St. Ignatius's false teaching? In fact, if a number of early church fathers went astray, you would expect even more of an outcry from those successors of the apostles who had maintained the true Christian faith. Moreover, if those who were distorting the Gospel message had no commitment to the original deposit of faith Christ left with the apostles, you would expect there to be some amount of disagreement between their teachings. After all, if you are not going to remain obedient to the apostles and to the true Gospel, why remain obedient to and consistent with the teachings of the other heretics?
Further still, if these early heretics knew that their teachers, the apostles, taught them one thing, and that they were about to martyred for beliefs they knew were not true, why do we never here of a single early church father admitting moments before death that what they believed was actually a human tradition that someone had made up after the apostles had died?
Put simply, the historical evidence suggests that the early church consistently believed that the Eucharist was Christ's Body and Blood, not a symbolic representation of it. The Eucharist is the same flesh that suffered for our sins, as St. Ignatius emphasizes. The flesh on the cross was not a symbolic flesh.
If the above paragraph is correct, then the history of the early church's teaching on the Lord's Supper can be interpreted in one of two ways.
1. A major, global cover-up/distortion of the true Gospel message.
2. A faithful, consistent, global adherence to the teaching of the apostles.
Now, assuming that #2 is not an option for Baptists, let's push the implications a bit further.
Let's say that every single apostle chose successors who turned out to be unfaithful to the original message (so unfaithful that almost every single one of them would submit to marytrdom without a peep regarding their having changed the Gospel message).
The consequence of this massive failure of the apostles in choosing "faithful men" to pass on the traditions that had been given them is that error was taught and idolatry promoted for the first 1,500 years of church history. The Sacrifice of the Mass, the worship of the Host, the Sacraments - all of it - is one gigantic mistake - one enormous distortion of what Jesus's church (the one he offered his sacrifice for and sent His Spirit to maintain) was supposed to look like and believe.
Thus, to believe that the Lord's Supper is a symbolic ritual is ultimately to believe that:
1. The apostles completely failed at their Great Commission (Matt. 28:20) by failing to find anyone to faithful transmit the faith.
2. Every student of the apostles and their successors changed the Gospel in a consistent and unchanging manner and promoted this lie without ever once altering it further in time or place for centuries - and all of this through countless martyrdoms and persecutions.
3. Jesus sent the Holy Spirit to protect His Church from error and guide it into all truth, but something prevented the Holy Spirit from achieving this goal even as early as the time when the apostles were passing on the faith to their successors.
4. Christianity, from Jesus's perspective, was an utter and near-complete failure until the time of the Reformation. Jesus founded a Church that wouldn't really come into being until 1,500 years after he founded it.
5. Only after the Reformation do we finally see the New Testament Church as Jesus and Apostles envisioned it, despite the fact that outside the Catholic Church there are tens of thousands of denominations preaching conflicting interpretations of the Scriptures.
I suggested earlier that to believe the Lord's Supper is only a symbolic ritual is to make an extraordinary claim about the history of Christianity. Should anyone then wonder why history is the last thing most Baptist pastors mention when they preach about the Lord's Supper? For these pastor's to mention what the Early Church believed about Jesus's Real Presence in the Eucharist is to raise serious alarms in the minds of anyone willing to push the implications to their conclusions. Many people whose whose minds and hearts are open to these conclusions have pushed their way right into the Catholic Church, even though this is the last Church these Protestants would have ever dreamed of joining. They, like so many converts, find themselves surprised by truth!
Let us open our minds, our hearts, and our wills to the fullness of the faith that has been faithfully passed down to us from the apostles and through their successors so that we Christians, two-thousand years later - can know the lord Jesus Christ in His fullness. Through the breaking of the bread, let us come to know Christ how he loves for us to know Him (see Luke 24:13-35 and following)! Let us share in communion with the Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity with our Lord and Savior, the divine spouse of our souls!
Praise be Jesus Christ now and forever!
----------------------------------------------
Afterword:
How might we explain the tendency for Christians to believe things without understanding their implications? One contributing factor is the way in which we conceive doctrine in our minds. If our doctrinal beliefs are imagined as a bullet-point list, then it is difficult for our minds to see their relationships, not to mention the relationships between doctrines and their historical development.
On the other hand, if we see doctrine in a more symphonic manner, where each truth melodiously intersects with other truths, and with the contexts for these truths (history included), then our minds are able to see truth as an organic whole, as a...Person! Our minds can perceive the beautiful splendor of truth as all the pieces (doctrine, history, theology, morality, etc.) fit together.
The truth of the Catholic faith amounts to far more than simply having a bullet-list in which each item is correct. Rather, the truth of the Catholic faith allows one to fit all of life together in a way that glorifies the Father. To be a Catholic is to be connected with Scripture and Tradition in the heart of the living Body of Christ, the Church, and through this relationship, be connected with all of human history that finds its center and meaning in the person of Jesus Christ.
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